Control Over Uranium Resources Becomes a Geopolitical Flashpoint in West Africa

Niger’s government announced the nationalization following the expiration of its mining agreement with Orano in December 2023. The state accused Orano of “irresponsible, illegal, and unfair behavior,” asserting full sovereignty over the Somair uranium joint venture. This move culminates months of escalating tensions since Niger’s military coup in July 2023, during which the military-led government seized operational control of the mine.

Orano, holding a 63% stake, has been effectively sidelined since late 2023, unable to export uranium. The nationalization reflects Niger’s determination to wrest control from French influence amid strained post-colonial relations.

How Has the Dispute Unfolded Over Recent Months?

Since December 2023, Niger authorities have taken progressive steps to assert control, including operational takeover and restricting Orano’s activities. Security forces from Niger raided Orano's subsidiary offices in May 2025, taking equipment and detaining employees. Orano has responded with legal challenges and arbitration efforts while also considering selling its stake.

This conflict is part of a broader pattern in the Sahel, where military governments increasingly pressure Western mining firms and pivot toward partnerships with Russia and China.

Did you know?
Niger’s Somair mine has been a key uranium supplier since the 1970s, playing a crucial role in fueling France’s extensive nuclear power program.

Why Is Uranium So Strategically Important?

Somair mine, located near Arlit in Niger’s northern desert, produces around 2,000 tons of uranium annually. Niger contributes about 4% of global uranium production and supplies roughly 20% of France’s uranium imports. France relies heavily on nuclear power, generating approximately 75% of its electricity from it, making uranium access vital for its energy security.

The control of uranium resources is thus not only an economic issue but a critical geopolitical concern affecting energy stability in Europe.

What Does This Mean for Regional and Global Geopolitics?

In West Africa, where sovereign military governments are challenging former colonial ties, Niger's assertive move signals shifting power dynamics. The growing influence of Russia and China in the Sahel complicates traditional Western dominance, potentially altering global resource supply chains.

This nationalization may inspire similar actions by other resource-rich nations, increasing geopolitical competition over critical minerals.

ALSO READ | Environmental Toll of U.S.-China Trade Truce: Rare Earth Mining Surges

How Are France and the International Community Responding?

France has condemned Niger’s actions, emphasizing the importance of respecting international agreements. Diplomatic tensions are mounting as France seeks to protect its strategic interests. Meanwhile, international stakeholders watch closely, concerned about stability in a region already grappling with security challenges.

The situation remains fluid, with potential impacts on global uranium markets and energy security.