The Citrix Bleed 2 vulnerability, officially tracked as CVE-2025-5777, has emerged as a top-tier threat to enterprise environments using NetScaler ADC and Gateway appliances.
This flaw, rated 9.3 on the CVSS scale, allows unauthorized attackers to extract valid session tokens from memory via specially crafted requests, bypassing authentication controls.
The risk is particularly acute for organizations running NetScaler as a gateway or AAA virtual server, where attackers could leverage stolen tokens to access sensitive systems and data without detection.
Security researcher Kevin Beaumont, who coined the term Citrix Bleed 2, highlights its resemblance to the notorious CitrixBleed vulnerability from 2023, which was exploited in numerous high-profile breaches.
Recent changes in the vulnerability's public description, which remove prior limitations and broaden the attack surface, compound the urgency.
Enterprises are now on high alert, as the flaw’s exploitation potential is significant and could lead to widespread compromise if not promptly patched.
SAP GUI Input History Flaws Expose Sensitive Data
Simultaneously, SAP’s widely deployed Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Windows and Java has been found vulnerable to two input history flaws, CVE-2025-0055 and CVE-2025-0056.
These vulnerabilities, scored at 6.0 on the CVSS scale, allow attackers with local access or administrative privileges to retrieve sensitive user input histories stored insecurely on endpoints.
The exposed data can include usernames, national IDs, social security numbers, bank account details, and internal SAP table names; if this information is stolen, it could lead to identity theft, fraud, or more attacks on company systems.
The underlying issue is weak or absent encryption of input history files. On Windows, SAP GUI uses a trivial XOR-based scheme, while on Java and macOS, the data is stored as unencrypted serialized objects.
This design oversight means that any attacker with access to a user’s device can decode or directly read highly sensitive information, making these flaws a real and present danger for organizations relying on SAP for business operations.
Did you know?
The original CitrixBleed vulnerability (CVE-2023-4966) was a primary attack vector in several high-profile breaches, including ransomware incidents that disrupted critical infrastructure and financial services in late 2023 and early 2024.
Enterprises Face Escalating Threats from Combined Vulnerabilities
The simultaneous disclosure of critical flaws in both Citrix and SAP platforms underscores the growing complexity and interconnectedness of enterprise risk.
Attackers are increasingly adept at chaining vulnerabilities across different layers of the IT stack, using token theft to gain initial access, then leveraging local flaws to escalate privileges or exfiltrate data.
The Citrix Bleed 2 flaw, in particular, could serve as a launchpad for lateral movement, while SAP GUI vulnerabilities offer a direct path to sensitive business data.
Security experts warn that these developments highlight a persistent gap in endpoint and infrastructure security.
As attackers take advantage of both network and local weaknesses, businesses need to use a complete security approach that involves quickly resolving issues, strong protection for devices, and ongoing checks for unusual activity.
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What Immediate Steps Should Enterprises Take to Mitigate Risk
In response to these threats, Citrix has released patches for all supported NetScaler ADC and Gateway versions. Organizations are urged to upgrade immediately to the latest releases, 14.1-43.56 and 13.1-58.32, and their respective FIPS/NDcPP variants.
Citrix also suggests using the provided kill commands to terminate all active ICA and PCoIP sessions after the upgrade, thereby invalidating any potentially compromised session tokens.
For SAP GUI users, the recommended mitigation is to disable the input history feature and delete any existing history files from endpoint directories.
IT teams should also review endpoint security policies to restrict local access and enforce strong device controls. Regular audits and user awareness training can further reduce the risk of inadvertent exposure or exploitation.
Token Theft and Data Exposure Incidents Are a Growing Enterprise Concern
The latest Citrix and SAP vulnerabilities are a clear indication that enterprise data integrity is under constant threat from both external and internal vectors.
As attackers refine their techniques and target widely used platforms, the window for exploitation narrows.
Enterprises must remain vigilant, prioritize timely patching, and foster a culture of proactive security to safeguard their most valuable digital assets.
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